Pain perception and physiological correlates in body-focused repetitive behavior disorders

Lochner, C., Roos, J., Kidd, M., Hendricks, G., Peris, T. S., Ricketts, E. J., Dougherty, D. D., Woods, D. W., Keuthen, N. J., Stein, D. J., Grant, J. E., & Piacentini, J. (2022). Pain perception and physiological correlates in body-focused repetitive behavior disorders. CNS spectrums, 1–8. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852922000062

This research was funded by the TLC Foundation for BFRBs. The study is not free to view at the original publication.

Abstract

Background: Behaviors typical of body-focused repetitive behavior disorders such as trichotillomania (TTM) and skin-picking disorder (SPD) are often associated with pleasure or relief, and with little or no physical pain, suggesting aberrant pain perception. Conclusive evidence about pain perception and correlates in these conditions is, however, lacking.

Methods: A multisite international study examined pain perception and its physiological correlates in adults with TTM (n = 31), SPD (n = 24), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 26). The cold pressor test was administered, and measurements of pain perception and cardiovascular parameters were taken every 15 seconds. Pain perception, latency to pain tolerance, cardiovascular parameters and associations with illness severity, and comorbid depression, as well as interaction effects (group × time interval), were investigated across groups.

Results: There were no group differences in pain ratings over time (P = .8) or latency to pain tolerance (P = .8). Illness severity was not associated with pain ratings (all P > .05). In terms of diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the main effect of group was statistically significant (P = .01), with post hoc analyses indicating higher mean DBP in TTM (95% confidence intervals [CI], 84.0-93.5) compared to SPD (95% CI, 73.5-84.2; P = .01), and HCs (95% CI, 75.6-86.0; P = .03). Pain perception did not differ between those with and those without depression (TTM: P = .2, SPD: P = .4).

Conclusion: The study findings were mostly negative suggesting that general pain perception aberration is not involved in TTM and SPD. Other underlying drivers of hair-pulling and skin-picking behavior (eg, abnormal reward processing) should be investigated.

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